A migrant who drowned crossing the Mediterranean in April is unloaded in Malta. Christian Mangion/Demotix. All Rights Reserved.

Update: This letter has generated support from scholars across the world, not only from within the fields of migration and slavery but also from many related areas—such as law, history and philosophy—as well as support from other parts of civil society. As of 24 May, four days after initial publication, we have received 238 additional signatures of support. They, as well as the 310 initial signatories, are listed below.

To add your name to the list of signatures, please email your name and institutional affiliation to beyond.slavery@opendemocracy.net with the subject “SIGN”.

European Union political leaders have announced that their response to the staggering loss of life amongst migrants crossing the Mediterranean in unseaworthy vessels will be the use of force to smash the so-called ‘networks’ that operate out of Libya to orchestrate the perilous sea crossings. How? On May 11, EU foreign policy chief Federica Mogherini stated that “No one is thinking of bombing. I’m talking about a naval operation,” but two days later, the Guardian reported on a leaked strategy paper for an EU mission in the Mediterranean and in Libyan territorial waters proposing an air and naval campaign. This, the paper said, would lead to ‘collateral damage’. In other words, adults and children boarding or aboard the vessels under attack might be killed. With or without bombs, such ‘collateral damage’ is already a known product of the measures being employed by the EU to push back, deter, and divert migrants, including those seeking asylum.

Where is the moral justification for some of the world’s richest nations employing their naval and technological might in a manner that leads to the death of men, women and children from some of the world’s poorest and most war torn regions? A dangerous perversion of history is being peddled to answer this question.

In recent years, policy on unauthorized movement across borders has drawn a distinction between the activities of ‘people smugglers’ and those of ‘human traffickers’. Smuggling involves voluntary, consensual arrangements, but trafficking is said to entail coercion or deception, and has been repeatedly likened to the transatlantic slave trade by politicians, journalists, and even some contemporary anti-slavery campaigners. The dangers of the analogy are now made manifest, with the terms ‘smuggling’ and ‘trafficking’ being employed interchangeably in relation to migrants crossing the Mediterranean. And it is this elision that makes it possible for EU leaders to discuss the use of military force on the North African coast as if it were a moral necessity. “Human traffickers are the slave traders of the 21st century, and they should be brought to justice”, Italian Prime Minister Matteo Renzi recently wrote. When the problem is framed in this way, their vow to “identify, capture and destroy” the vessels of those who move migrants looks like a ‘tough choice’ forced upon EU leaders by the sudden appearance of a far greater evil—a modern slave trade.

But this is patently false and entirely self-serving. As scholarship on the history of slavery makes painfully clear, what is happening in the Mediterranean today does not even remotely resemble the transatlantic slave trade. Enslaved Africans did not want to move. They were held in dungeons before being shackled and loaded onto ships. They had to be prevented from choosing suicide over forcible transportation. That transportation led to a single and utterly appalling outcome—slavery.

Today, those embarking on the journey to Europe want to move. If they were free to do so, they would be taking advantage of the flights that budget airlines operate between North Africa and Europe at a tiny fraction of the cost of the extraordinarily dangerous sea passage. And it is not ‘slavers’ or ‘traffickers’ who are preventing them from accessing this safe route.

It’s true that would-be migrants are sometimes held in terrifying conditions in Libya, but not in dungeons as a precursor to being forcibly shipped as slaves. Rather, many are held in immigration detention centres, partly funded by the EU, where both adults and children are at risk of violence, including whippings, beatings and torture. And the outcome for those who make it onto boats is uncertain. Some die en route, some survive only to be exploited and abused at the point of destination. But others who survive secure at least a chance of accessing rights, protection, family reunion, education, work, freedom from persecution, and so on.

This is not the contemporary equivalent of the transatlantic slave trade. To attempt to crush it with military force is not to take a noble stand against the evil of slavery, or even against ‘trafficking’. It is simply to continue a long tradition in which states, including slave states of the eighteenth and nineteenth century, use violence to prevent certain groups of human beings from moving freely.

This, it should be remembered, is a tradition that found its apogee in the now notorious Berlin Conference of 1885 which authorised the partition/conquest of Africa by the powers of Europe on the basis of ending so-called ‘Arab slavery’. In the two decades that followed, millions of Africans lost their lives including vast numbers of Congolese under the tutelage of the great ‘philanthropist’ himself, King Leopold II of Belgium.

And today the manner in which European states, and Australia, are continuing that tradition sets an example which is being followed worldwide, as evidenced by the appalling spectacle of Rohingya refugees fleeing persecution in Myanmar, but refused landing in Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia and left to die at sea.

There is no moral basis for measures that lead to the death of peaceable women, men and children, including victims of torture, and those fleeing persecution and war. Europe’s leaders and people must remember their own history, recent and not so recent, and the responsibilities Europe bears for the bodies in the Mediterranean and the people on the boats. We call for the resettlement of many more refugees within Europe and the dismantling of the barriers to movement that have been put in the way of all but the most wealthy.

We demand that Europe’s political leaders stop abusing the history of transatlantic slavery to legitimate military and migrant deterrent actions, and instead recall, and act upon the demands for freedom of movement, or ‘a right of locomotion’ articulated by African American anti-slavery activists of the nineteenth century.

No man can put a chain about the ankle of his fellow man without at last finding the other end fastened about his own neck.
—Frederick Douglass

Signatures

The following have signed as individuals and not on behalf of the universities and other institutions that employ them. To add your name to the signatures below, please email beyond.slavery@opendemocracy.net with the subject “SIGN”.

1. Marthe Achtnich – University of Oxford
2. Nilufar Ahmed – Senior Research Officer, Swansea University
3. Bridget Anderson – Professor, COMPAS, University of Oxford
4. Ruben Andersson – Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Department of International Development, LSE
5. Kehinde Andrews – Senior Lecturer in Sociology, Birmingham City University
6. Ana Lucia Araujo – Professor of History, Howard University, Washington DC
7. Paola Bacchetta – Associate Professor, Department of Gender and Women’s Studies, University of California, Berkeley
8. Oliver Bakewell – Co-Director IMI and Associate Professor, International Migration Institute, University of Oxford
9. Dr Alex Balch – Senior lecturer, Department of Politics, Centre for the Study of International Slavery (CSIS), University of Liverpool
10. Manuel Barcia – Professor of Latin American History, School of Languages, Cultures and Societies, Deputy Director – Institute for Colonial and Postcolonial Studies, University of Leeds
11. Jenny Barrett – DPhil in International Development, University of Oxford
12. David Bartram – Department of Sociology, University of Leicester
13. Tanja Bastia – Senior Lecturer, University of Manchester
14. Harald Bauder – Academic Director, Ryerson Centre for Immigration & Settlement (RCIS), Professor of Geography, Ryerson University
15. Esma Baycan – Department of Political Science and International Relations, University of Geneva
16. Laya Behbahani – Business & Policy Analyst, Simon Fraser University
17. Alice Bellagamba – Professor Political Anthropology, African Studies, University of Milan-Bicocca
18. Fatiha Belmessous – Researcher, Université de Lyon
19. Nikki Berg Burin – Assistant Professor of History and Women & Gender Studies, University of North Dakota
20. Gurminder K. Bhambra – Professor of Sociology, University of Warwick
21. Sirma Bilge – Associate Professor, Department of Sociology, Université de Montréal, Québec
22. Elizabeth Bishop – Associate Professor, Modern Arab History, Texas State University
23. Carin Björngren Cuadra – Associate Professor, Department of Social work, Malmö University
24. David Blight – Professor of American History, Yale University
25. Prof. Dr. Manuela Boatcă – Sociology of global inequalities, Institute for Latin American Studies, Freie Universität Berlin
26. Anthony Bogues – Asa Messer Professor of Humanities and Critical Theory, Director for the Center of Slavery and Justice, Brown University, USA
27. Eileen Boris – Hull Professor, History, Global Studies and Black Studies, University of California, Santa Barbara
28. Laura Brace – Senior Lecturer, Politics, University of Leicester
29. Avtar Brah – Professor Emerita, Birkbeck College, University of London
30. Pepijn Brandon – NWO-Rubicon Fellow, Post-doctoral Associate, History Department, University of Pittsburgh
31. Karen E. Bravo – Professor of Law, Robert H. McKinney School of Law, Indiana University
32. Jan Brezger – Research Associate, Freie University, Berlin
33. Prof. Dr. Sabine Broeck – Universität Bremen
34. Thomas C. Buchanan – University of Adelaide
35. Alice Bullard – Chief Executive Officer, IRA-USA and former Professor of History, Georgia Institute of the Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
36. Vernon Burton – Director Clemson CyberInstitute, Creativity Professor Humanities, Professor of History, Sociology, and Computer Science, Clemson University; emeritus University of Illinois
37. Marco Buttino – Storia contemporanea, Dipartimento Culture, Politica e Società, Università di Torino
38. Bridget Byrne – Senior Lecturer in Sociology, University of Manchester
39. Mariana P. Candido – Assistant Professor, Department of History, University of Kansas
40. Joseph Carens – Professor of Political Science, University of Toronto
41. Isabel Maria Estrada Carvalhais – Assistant Professor, University of Minho, Portugal
42. Stephen Castles – Professor, Research Chair in Sociology, School of Social and Political Sciences, The University of Sydney
43. Mateja Celestina – Research Associate, Centre for Trust, Peace and Social Relations, Coventry University
44. Robin Celikates – Associate Professor of Philosophy, University of Amsterdam
45. Myriam Cherti – Migration Researcher, University of Oxford
46. Austin Choi-Fitzpatrick – Assistant Professor of Political Sociology, Central European University, Budapest
47. Dr Emma Christopher – University of Technology Sydney/ Anti-Slavery Australia
48. Robin Cohen – Emeritus Professor, University of Oxford
49. Kathleen M. Coll – Assistant Professor, Politics Department, University of San Francisco
50. John “Sean” Condon – Associate Professor and Chair, History Department, Merrimack College
51. Heaven Crawley – FAcSSm, Chair in International Migration, Coventry University
52. Dr. A. Glenn Crothers – Associate Professor of History, University of Louisville
53. Daniela Danna – Research Fellow, Università degli studi di Milano
54. David Brion Davis – Sterling Professor of History Emeritus, Yale University
55. Nicholas De Genova – Reader in Urban Geography, King’s College London
56. Jeroen de Kloet – Professor of Globalisation Studies, University of Amsterdam
57. Luke De Noronha – Doctoral Candidate in Anthropology, University of Oxford
58. Nigel de Noronha – PhD Candidate in Social Statistics, University of Manchester
59. Jan-Georg Deutsch – Associate Professor in Commonwealth History, Fellow, St Cross College, University of Oxford
60. Anna Di Bartolomeo – Research Fellow, Migration Policy Centre, Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies, European University Institute
61. Seymour Drescher – Distinguished Professor of History, University of Pittsburgh
62. Franck Duvell – Senior Researcher & Associate Professor, University of Oxford
63. Dace Dzenovska – Associate Professor Migration, University of Oxford
64. David Eltis – Robert W. Woodruff Professor of History, Emory University
65. Pieter Emmer – Professor Emeritus, Department of History, University of Leiden, The Netherlands
66. Hakan Erdem – Faculty Member, Sabanci University
67. Umut Erel – Faculty of Social Sciences, The Open University
68. James Esson – Lecturer in Human Geography, Loughborough University
69. Nicholas J. Evans – Lecturer in Diaspora History, Wilberforce Institute for the Study of Slavery and Emancipation, University of Hull
70. Bronwen Everill – King’s College London
71. Anne Fairchild – Historic Sites Program Manager, Indiana State Museum and Historic Sites
72. Toyin Falola – Professor of History, University of Texas at Austin
73. Sara R. Farris – Sociology Department, Goldsmiths college, University of London
74. Karwan Fatah-Black – Leiden University, the Netherlands
75. David Feldman – Professor and Director Pears Institute for the study of Antisemitism, School of Social Sciences, History and Philosophy Birkbeck, University of London
76. Sandrina Ferreira Antunes – Assistant Professor, Universidade do Minho, Portugal
77. Deborah A. Field – Professor of History, Adrian College, Adrian, Michigan
78. David Scott FitzGerald – Associate Professor of Sociology, University of California, San Diego
79. Bernard K. Freamon – Professor of Law and Director Zanzibar Program on Modern Day Slavery and Human Trafficking, Seton Hall Law School One Newark Center, Newark, New Jersey
80. Judy Fudge – Professor, Kent Law School
81. Paolo Gaibazzi – Research Fellow, Zentrum Moderner Orient, Berlin
82. Marco Gardini – Post-Docoral Fellow, University of Milano-Bicocca
83. Andrew Geddes FAcSS – Professor of Politics, University of Sheffield
84. Malick Ghachem – Associate Professor of History, MIT History Faculty
85. David Theo Goldberg – Professor, Comparative Literature, University of California, Humanities Research Institute, Irvine, California
86. Christopher A. Graham – Visiting Assistant Professor, History, UNC-Greensboro
87. Cheryl Greenberg – Paul E. Raether Distinguished Professor of History, Trinity College, Hartford, CT
88. Melanie Griffiths – ESRC Future Research Leaders Fellow, University of Bristol
89. Dean Grodzins – Visiting Scholar, Massachusetts Historical Society
90. Adrián Groglopo – Lecturer, Department of Social Work, Gothenburg university, Sweden
91. Juan Jesús Guanche Pérez – Miembro de la Junta Directiva y del Consejo Científico de la Fundación Fernando Ortiz, Coordinador de la Sección de Ciencias Sociales y Humanísticas de la Academia de Ciencias de Cuba en la especialidad de Antropología.
92. Pamila Gupta – Wiser, University of Witswatersrand, South Africa
93. Elise A. Guyette – Independent Scholar / Historian, Burlington, VT, USA
94. Edgar Hassan – Director of QSR2 Solutions Ltd (Social Enterprise)
95. Dr. Jeffrey Helgeson – Assistant Professor of History, Texas State University
96. Eureka Henrich – Wellcome Trust Research Fellow,
    School of History, University of Leicester
97. Per Hernaes – Professor of History, Norwegian University of Science and Technology
98. Graham Russell Gao Hodges – George Dorland Langdon, Jr. Professor of History and Africana Studies, Colgate University
99. Stephen Hodkinson – Director, Institute for the Study of Slavery, Department of Classics, University of Nottingham
100. Dirk Hoerder – Professor Emeritus, Arizona State University, formerly Universitaet Bremen
101. Liam Hogan – Independent researcher and historian, Limerick
102. John Holmwood – Professor of Sociology, University of Nottingham
103. Michael Honey – Fred and Dorothy Haley Professor of Humanities, University of Washington, Tacoma
104. Neil Howard – Marie Curie Research Fellow, European University Institute
105. Forrest Hylton – Northwestern University
106. Engin Isin – Professor of Politics, The Open University
107. Maurice Jackson – Georgetown University, Washington DC
108. Christine M. Jacobsen – Professor, University of Bergen
109. Yolande Jansen – Lecturer in Philosophy, University of Amsterdam
110. Thibaut Jaulin – Marie Curie Fellow, CERI – Sciences Po, Paris
111. Malarvizhi Jayanth – PhD Student, South Asian Languages & Civilizations, University of Chicago
112. Hiranthi Jayaweera – Researcher Migration, University of Oxford
113. Andrew M. Jefferson – Senior Researcher, Danish Institute Against Torture
114. Irmelin Joelsson – DPhil candidate, University of Oxford
115. Isabelle Johansson – PhD Candidate Social Anthropology, Department of Sociology, Lund University
116. Martin Ottovay Jorgensen – Joint Phd Fellow, Department of Culture and Global Studies, Aalborg University (Denmark) & Department of history, University of Ghent (Belgium)
117. Roberta Julian – Associate Professor School of Social Sciences, University of Tasmania, Australia
118. Nisha Kapoor – Lecturer, University of York
119. Lena Karamanidou – Department of Sociology, City University
120. Maria Karaulova – Doctoral Researcher, University of Manchester
121. Shingo Kato – Assistant Professor, Keio University, Tokyo
122. Kerwin Kaye – Assistant Professor Sociology, Wesleyan University
123. Esra Kaytaz – Dphil candidate, University of Oxford
124. Kamala Kempadoo – Professor, Department of Social Science, York University, Canada
125. Dr. Jeffrey R. Kerr-Ritchie – Associate Professor of History, Howard University
126. Suvi Keskinen – Academy Research Fellow, Department of Social Research, University of Turku, Finland
127. Khatija Khader – PhD Candidate, CIPOD, School of International Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi
128. Eric Kimball – Assistant Professor of History, University of Pittsburgh at Greensburg
129. Danielle Kinsey – Assistant Professor, Department of History, Carleton University, Ottawa
130. Martin Klein – Professor emeritus of History, University of Toronto
131. Nauja Kleist – Senior Researcher, Danish Institute for International Studies
132. Louise W. Knight – Visiting Scholar, Gender and Sexuality Studies Program, Northwestern University
133. Ifigeneia Kokkali – Politecnico di Milano, Dip. Architettura e Studi Urbani
134. Helga Konrad – Executive Director Anti-Trafficking, Institute for the Danube Region and Central Europe IDM, Head/Coordinator of Regional Implementation Initiative on Preventing & Combating Human Trafficking
135. Prabha Kotiswaran – Senior Lecturer, Dickson Poon School of Law, King’s College, London
136. Leena Kumarappan – Senior Research Fellow, London Metropolitan University
137. Dr Sarah Kyambi – Anti-Trafficking Research Fellow, University of Edinburgh
138. Benjamin N. Lawrance – Hon. Barber B. Conable, Jr. Endowed Chair in International Studies, Rochester Institute of Technology
139. Genevieve LeBaron – Vice-Chancellor’s Fellow, Department of Politics, University of Sheffield
140. Clara Lecadet – Postdoctoral fellow, Social Anthropology, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), Paris
141. Prof. Dr. Baz Lecocq – Chair African History, Institute for Asian and African Studies, Humboldt University of Berlin
142. Rob Lemkin – Film maker, Oxford
143. Katharina Lenner – Postdoctoral fellow, Prince Al Hussein Bin Abdullah II School of International Studies, Jordan University, & Associated Researcher, Institut Français du Proche-Orient (ifpo), Amman
144. Jens Lerche – Reader in Agrarian and Labour Studies, School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), University of London
145. Giulia Liberatore – Leverhulme Early Career Fellow, University of Oxford
146. Peter Linebaugh – Professor of History, University of Toledo
147. Abdulaziz Y. Lodhi – Professor Emeritus, Department of Linguistics & Philology, Uppsala University, Sweden
148. Paul E. Lovejoy FRSC – Distinguished Research Professor, Canada Research Chair in African Diaspora History, York University, Toronto
149. Richard K. MacMaster – (retired) University of Florida
150. Cetta Mainwaring – Assistant Professor, Sociology and Legal Studies, University of Waterloo, Canada
151. Bharat Malkani – Lecturer, Birmingham Law School, University of Birmingham
152. Virginia Mantouvalou – Reader in Human Rights and Labour Law, Co-Director of the Institute for Human Rights, University College London
153. Faith Marchal – PhD Candidate, School of Law, Birkbeck College, University of London
154. Abdeslam Marfouk – International Migration Researcher, Université Libre de Bruxelles
155. Yvonni Markaki – Research Officer, Migration Observatory, University of Oxford
156. Martina Martignoni – PhD student, University of Leicester
157. Scott C. Martin – Professor of History and American Culture Studies Chair, Dept. of History, Bowling Green State University
158. Enrique Martino – PhD Research Fellow, Humboldt University of Berlin
159. Lucy Mayblin – Research Fellow, Department of Politics, University of Sheffield
160. Achille Mbembe – Research Professor in History and Politics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg
161. W. Caleb McDaniel – Assistant Professor of History, Rice University
162. Siobhán McGrath – Lecturer in Human Geography, Durham University
163. John R. McKivigan – Editor Frederick Douglass Papers, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis
164. Aidan McQuade – Anti-Slavery International
165. Alexander Meckelburg – Ph.D. Student, Hiob Ludolf Centre for Ethiopian Studies, University of Hamburg
166. Kathryn Medien – ESRC Doctoral Researcher, Department of Sociology and Centre for the Study of Women and Gender, University of Warwick
167. Dario Melossi – Department of Legal Studies, School of Law, University of Bologna
168. Sandro Mezzadra – Professor, Dipartimento di Scienze Politiche e Sociali, University of Bologna
169. Alessandra Mezzadri – Lecturer in Development Studies, SOAS, London
170. Fabiola Mieres – Research Associate, Durham University
171. Randall Miller – Professor of History, Saint Joseph’s University, Philadelphia
172. Margot Minardi – Associate Professor of History and Humanities, Reed College, Portland, Oregon
173. Sverre Molland – Lecturer in Anthropology, Development Studies, Australian National University
174. Ismael Montana – Northern Illinois University
175. Anne Elizabeth Moore – independent journalist, Chicago Illinois
176. Laura Morales – Professor in Comparative Politics, Department of Politics and International Relations, University of Leicester
177. Ian Morrison – Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, Anthropology, Psychology and Egyptology (SAPE), The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt
178. Yasser Moullan – International Migration Institute, University of Oxford
179. Michael Nausner – Vice Dean and Professor of Systematic Theology, Reutlingen School of Theology
180. Anders Neergaard – Associate Professor, Institute for Research on Migration, Ethnicity and Society (REMESO), ISV, Linköping University
181. Antonio Luigi Negro – Associate Professor of History at UFBa
182. Melanie J. Newton – Director of Caribbean Studies at New College & Associate Professor of History, University of Toronto
183. Dr. Abdarahmane Ngaide – Enseingant-chercheur au département d’histoire de la FLSH/UCAD (Dakar, Sénégal)
184. Amy Niang – Lecturer in international Relations, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg
185. Sian Nicholas – Centre for Trust, Peace and Social Relations, Coventry University
186. Jessica Ayesha Northey – Research Associate, Centre for Trust, Peace and Social Relations, Coventry University
187. Ninna Nyberg Sørensen – Senior researcher, Research Coordinator, DIIS, Denmark
188. Mary Nyquist – Professor of English, University of Toronto
189. Julia O’Connell Davidson – Professor of Sociology, University of Nottingham
190. Samuel Okyere – Lecturer in Sociology, University of Nottingham
191. Caroline Oliver – Senior Researcher, COMPAS, University of Oxford
192. Mojubaolu Olufunke Okome – Professor of Political Science, African & Women’s Studies, Brooklyn College, CUNY
193. Ann Ostendorf – Assistant Professor of History, Gonzaga University
194. Elisavet Pakis – Independent Researcher
195. Polly Pallister-Wilkins – Department of Politics, University of Amsterdam
196. Dimitris Papadopoulos – Reader in Sociology and Organization, Management School, University of Leicester
197. Damian Alan Pargas – Associate Professor of History, Leiden University
198. Michael Parrish – Professor of History, Baylor University
199. Diana Paton – Reader in Caribbean History, Newcastle University
200. Lotte Pelckmans – Researcher, Danish Institute for International Studies
201. Nicola Phillips – Professor of Political Economy, University of Sheffield
202. Jo Phoenix – Professor of Criminology, University of Leicester
203. Teresa Piacentini – Sociology, University of Glasgow
204. Linda Pitelka – Professor of History, Maryville University
205. Tamara Plakins – Thornton Professor, Department of History, State University of New York, Buffalo
206. Jessica R. Pliley – Texas State University
207. George R. Price – Lecturer, Depts. of Native American Studies and History and the African American Studies Program, University of Montana
208. Keith Pringle – Professor Emeritus in Sociology, Uppsala University, Honorary Professor, University of Warwick, Professor Emeritus in Social Policy and Social work, London Metropolitan University
209. Lara Putnam – Professor and Chair, Department of History, University of Pittsburgh
210. Joel Quirk – Associate Professor in Political Studies, University of the Witwatersrand
211. John W. Quist – Professor, Shippensburg University
212. Parvati Raghuram – Director of OpenSpace Research Centre, Geography Department, The Open University,
213. Victoria Redclift – Lecturer in Sociology, Faculty of Arts and Human Sciences, University of Surrey
214. Marcus Rediker – Distinguished Professor of Atlantic History, University of Pittsburgh
215. João José Reis – Professor of History, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil
216. Rita Ribeiro – Assistant Professor, University of Minho, Portugal
217. David Richardson – Professor Emeritus, Economic History, University of Hull
218. Marlise Richter – Sonke Gender Justice, South Africa
219. Georgia Rigg – Leadership Lead, RECLAIM Project, Manchester
220. Kate Roberts – Community Advocate, Kalayaan, London
221. Stacey Robertson – Central Washington University
222. Caroline Robinson – Policy Director, Focus on Labour Exploitation (FLEX)
223. Stephen J. Rockel – Associate Professor, History, Director, African Studies, Department of Historical and Cultural Studies, University of Toronto
224. Cathy Rodabaugh – Professional and Graduate Studies, Hiram College (Ohio)
225. Dr Marie Rodet – Lecturer in the History of Africa, School of Oriental & African Studies (SOAS)
226. David R. Roediger – Foundation Distinguished Professor of American Studies and History, Kansas University
227. Ben Rogaly – Professor of Human Geography, University of Sussex
228. Pernille Røge – Assistant Professor, University of Pittsburgh, PA
229. Mary Romero – Carnegie Scholar, Professor, Justice & Social Inquiry, Arizona State University
230. Benedetta Rossi – Lecturer in African Studies, University of Birmingham
231. Stephen L. Rozman – Professor of Political Science, Tougaloo College
232. Vincenzo Ruggiero – Professor, School of Law, Middlesex University
233. Anita Rupprecht – Senior Lecturer, University of Brighton
234. Alex Sager – Assistant Professor, Portland State University
235. Chandler B. Saint – President, Beecher House Center for the Study of Equal Rights, Co-director Documenting Venture Smith Project
236. Mohammed Bashir Salau – Associate Professor of history, University of Mississippi
237. Kerstin Sandell – Associate Professor, Gender Studies, Lund University, Sweden
238. Lena Sawyer – Associate Professor of Social Work, Gothenburg University, Sweden
239. Marta Scaglioni – PhD Candidate at the University of Bayreuth, Germany, and Milano-BIcocca, Italy
240. Carl-Ulrik Schierup – Professor, REMESO
     Institute for Research on Migration, Ethnicity and Society, Linköping University, Sweden
241. Annelie Schlaug – PhD candidate Peace and Conflict Research, Lund University, Sweden
242. Camille Schmoll – Laboratoire CNRS Géographie-cités, Université Paris
243. Patricia Schor – Utrecht University
244. Rebecca J. Scott – Professor of History and Law, University of Michigan
245. Ahmadou Sehou – Enseignant chercheur, Département d’histoire, Université de Maroua, Cameroun
246. Giorgia Serughetti – University of Milano-Bicocca
247. Svati P. Shah – Associate Professor, University of Massachusetts, Amherst
248. Nandita Sharma – Director, International Cultural Studies Program and Associate Professor, Department of Sociology, University of Hawaii at Mānoa
249. Eva Sheppard Wolf – Professor of History, San Francisco State University
250. Robbie Shilliam – Reader in International Relations, Queen Mary University of London
251. Isabel Shutes – Assistant Professor, London School of Economics and Political Science
252. James Sidbury – Andrew W. Mellon Distinguished Professor of the Humanities, Rice University
253. Nando Sigona – Senior Lecturer & Birmingham Fellow, Deputy Director, Institute for Research into Superdiversity, School of Social Policy, University of Birmingham
254. Stephanie Silverman – The Graduate School of Public and International Affairs, University of Ottawa
255. Ibrahim Sirkeci – Ria Financial Professor, Regent’s Centre for Transnational Studies, Regent’s University London
256. Ala Sirriyeh – Lecturer in Sociology, Keele University
257. Wolbert G.C. Smidt – Associate Professor in Ethnohistory, Department of History and Cultural Studies, Mekelle University, Ethiopia
258. Gretchen Soderlund – Associate Professor of Media History, School of Journalism and Communication, University of Oregon
259. Stacey Sommerdyk – University of the Witwatersrand
260. Tim Soriano – PhD Candidate in History, The University of Illinois at Chicago
261. Randy J. Sparks – Professor of History, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
262. Suzanne B. Spring – Senior Lecturer in Writing and Rhetoric, Colgate University
263. James Brewer Stewart – James Wallace Professor of History, Emeritus, Macalester College, Founder, Historians Against Slavery
264. Julia Suárez-Krabbe – Associate Professor, Department of Culture and Identity, Roskilde University
265. James H. Sweet – Vilas-Jartz Distinguished Professor, Department of History, University of Wisconsin
266. Sachi Takaya – Associate Professor, Okayama University, Japan
267. Stephanie Tamby – PhD Candidate, Faculty of Social Studies and Humanities, University of Mauritius
268. Dr. Anastasia Tataryn – Warwick Law School, University of Warwick
269. Mekonnen Tesfahuney – Associate Professor, Department of Geography, Media & Communication, Karlstads University, Sweden
270. Patrizia Testaì – researcher, Defence for Children Italy
271. Cameron Thibos – Migration specialist and Managing Editor of Beyond Trafficking and Slavery
272. Chuck Thiesson – Research Fellow in Peacebuilding, Coventry University
273. Ibrahima Thioub – Professor of History, Director of the Centre Africain de Recherches sur les Traites et les Esclavages (CARTE), Cheikh Anta Diop, University of Dakar – Senegal
274. Zoe Trodd – Professor and Chair of American Literature, University of Nottingham
275. Joseph Tsigbe – Maître-assistant d’histoire contemporaine, Université de Lomé
276. John R. Van Atta – The Brunswick School, Greenwich, CT
277. Huub Van Baar – Assistant Professor/Research Fellow, University of Giessen, University of Amsterdam
278. Nicholas Van Hear – Researcher on Migration, University of Oxford
279. Marieke van Houte – Postdoctoral Research Fellow, International Migration Institute, University of Oxford
280. Henk van Houtum – Nijmegen Centre for Border Research, Radboud, University Nijmegen
281. William C. Van Norman – Associate Professor of History, James Madison University
282. Alex van Stipriaan – Professor of Caribbean History, Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands
283. Eric Vanhaute – Professor Economic and World History, Ghent University, Belgium
284. Jo Vearey – Associate Professor and Postgraduate Coordinator: African Centre for Migration & Society, University of the Witwatersrand
285. Alessandra Venturini – Deputy Director of the Migration Policy Centre, European University Institute (EUI), Florence
286. Simona Vezzoli – Research Officer, International Migration Institute, Oxford Department of International Development, University of Oxford
287. Tom Vickers – Northumbria University
288. Dora-Olivia Vicol – Dphil Candidate
289. Maria Villares – Research Fellow, Centre for Research in Ethnic Minority Entrepreneurship (CREME), Birmingham Business School
290. Bastian Vollmer – Leverhulme Fellow, University of Oxford
291. Michael Vorenberg – Associate Professor of History, Brown University
292. Iain Walker – Migration researcher, University of Oxford
293. Dr. Kerry Ward – Associate Professor of History, Rice University
294. Klaus Weber – European University Viadrina, Faculty of Social and Cultural Sciences, European Economic and Social History, Frankfurt (Oder)
295. Julia Welland – Department of Politics and International Studies, University of Warwick
296. Susanne Wessendorf – Institute for Research into Superdiversity (IRiS), School of Social Policy, University of Birmingham
297. Christine Whyte – Leverhulme Early Career Fellow, School of History, Kent University
298. Hanna Wikström – Researcher, Department of Law, Uppsala University; Department of Social Work, University of Gothenburg
299. John Alexander Williams – Professor, Department of History, Bradley University
300. David C. Williard – Assistant Professor, Department of History, University of St. Thomas
301. Sharon E. Wood – Professor of History, University of Nebraska at Omaha
302. Kirsten E. Wood – Associate Professor of History, Florida International University
303. Tryon P. Woods – Sociology/Anthropology/Crime & Justice Studies, Black Studies and Women & Gender Studies, affiliate University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth
304. Karen Woods Weierman – Professor of English, Worcester State University (Massachusetts, USA)
305. Agnes Woolley – Lecturer in Contemporary Literature, Royal Holloway, University of London
306. Robert E. Wright – Nef Family Chair of Political Economy,
     Augustana College, South Dakota
307. Debbie Wright – Producer, From Liberty to Captivity, President, Do What’s Wright Production Company
308. Donald Yacovone – Associate, Hutchins Center for African and African American Research, Harvard University
309. Natalie Zemon Davis – Professor Emeritus, Princeton University and University of Toronto
310. Prof. Dr. Michael Zeuske – Iberische u Lateinamerikanische Abt, U zu Koeln

Post-publication signatures

311. Tanja Aalberts – Transnational Legal Studies, VU university, Amsterdam
312. Delphine Abadie – Graduate Student (Philosophy/Africanist Studies), Université de Montréal
313. Erica Aiazzi – University of Pavia
314. Melissa Ait – Engineer Ecole Centrale
315. Maybritt Jill Alpes – Postdoctoral Researcher, Faculty of Law (Migration Law Section), VU University Amsterdam
316. Juan Amaya-Castro – Associate Professor, UN mandated University for Peace
317. Paul Anantharajah Tambyah – Professor of Medicine, National University of Singapore
318. Ben Anderson – Lecturer in Twentieth-Century European History, Keele University
319. Rutvica Andrijasevic – Associate Professor in Management, University of Bristol
320. Antonela Arhin – Sessional Lecturer, University of Toronto
321. Rosita Armytage – PhD Candidate, Australian National University
322. Lorena Arocha – Lecturer in Sociology, Associate at UK-IMR, Department of Psychology, Politics and Sociology, Canterbury Christ Church University
323. Iman Attia – Alice Salomon University of Applied Sciences Berlin
324. Sébastien Bachelet – Doctoral candidate in social anthropology, University of Edinburgh
325. Isabelle Baez – Chargée de cours, Université du Québec à Montréal
326. Mina Baginova – Centre for Latin American Research and Documentation, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands
327. Theodore Baird – Post-doc, VU University Amsterdam
328. Marzia Barbera – Professor of Labour Law and Antidiscrimination Law, University of Brescia – Italy
329. Gillian Barker – Assistant Professor, Department of Philosophy, University of Western Ontario
330. Robert Barsky – Vanderbilt University
331. Bernard Barthalay – Puissance Europe
332. Laura Bartolini – Research Associate, Global Governance Programme, European University Institute
333. Cécile Bénoliel – Ph.D. Researcher in EU Law, European University Institute
334. Maria Bexelius – PhD Candidate, Department of Law, Uppsala University
335. Andreas Bieler – Professor of Political Economy, School of Politics and International Relations, University of Nottingham
336. Constanze Binder – Assistant Professor, Faculty of Philosophy, Erasmus University Rotterdam
337. Megan Blomfield – Postdoctoral Scholar in Philosophy, Center for Ethics in Society, Stanford University
338. Manuela Bojadzijev – Berlin Institute for Integration and Migration Research (BIM) at the Humboldt University of Berlin
339. Olivia Bonardi – Dipartimento di scienze sociali e politiche, Università degli studi di Milano
340. Valeria Bonatti – PhD Candidate, University of Illinois
341. Linda Bosniak – Rutgers University School of Law
342. Alec Brookes – Assistant Professor of Russian, Memorial University of Newfoundland
343. Jan Buelens – Professor of labour law, University of Antwerp
344. Richard Burnham – Technical writer, Director, Wise Words
345. Giuseppe Campesi – Dipartimento di Scienze politiche, Università degli Studi di Bari (Italy)
346. Francesca Capelli – Sociologist, Universidad de Buenos Aires
347. Gloria Carlini – University of Milano-Bicocca
348. Bernardo Caycedo – PhD Researcher in Philosophy, University of Amsterdam
349. Iain Chambers – Professor, University of Naples, L’Orientale
350. Richard Yetter Chappell – Lecturer in Philosophy, University of York
351. Gianpaolo Chiriacò – Marie Curie Researcher in ethnomusicology and music of the African diaspora, University of Salento, Italy
352. Ryoa Chung – Associate Professor, Philosophy, Université de Montréal
353. Rosie Cox – Reader in Geography, Birkbeck, University of London
354. Jeff Crisp – Refugee Studies Centre, University of Oxford
355. Katie Cruz – Lecturer in Law, Keele University
356. Paolo Cuttitta – Post-Doctoral Researcher, VU University Amsterdam
357. Tina Davis – PhD Candidate, University of Sydney
358. Hein de Haas – Co-Director International Migration Institute, University of Oxford; Professor, University of Maastricht
359. Maria de Lourdes Borges – Professor at University of Santa Catarina, Brasil
360. Leonie Ansems de Vries – Lecturer in Politics, School of Politics and International Relations, Queen Mary University of London
361. Marie-Benedicte Dembour – Professor of Law and Anthropology, Brighton Business School, University of Brighton
362. Emily Diab – PhD Candidate in Public International Law at the Law Faculty of Uppsala University
363. Dimitri Dimoulis – Professor of constitutional law, Law School, Getulio Vargas Foudation, Sao Paulo, Brazil
364. Jan Dobbernack – Senior Lecturer, School of Social and Political Sciences, University of Lincoln
365. Sonja Dolinsek – PhD Student, History, University Erfurt
366. Ida Dominijanni – Research Fellow, Cornell Univ., Ithaca (NY)
367. Giorgia Dona – Professor University of East London
368. Nick Drofiak – PhD student, history and theory of architecture, ETH Zürich
369. Matt Duffy – London
370. Elizabeth Elbourne – Associate Professor in the Department of History and Classical Studies, McGill University, Montreal
371. Sally Engle Merry – Silver Professor and Associate Chair Department of Anthropology, New York University
372. Jo Esra – College of Humanities, University of Exeter
373. Silvia Evangelisti – School of History, University of East Anglia
374. Federico Faloppa – Assistant Professor, Department of Modern Languages and European Studies, University of Reading
375. Max Farrar – Emeritus Professor, Leeds Beckett University, UK
376. Francesco Fasani – Lecturer, School of Economics and Finance, Queen Mary University of London
377. Giovanna Fassetta – University of Glasgow
378. Leslie Fesenmyer – ESRC Future Research Leaders Fellow, Centre on Migration, Policy and Society (COMPAS), University of Oxford
379. Hart Nadav Feuer – Assistant Professor, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University
380. Mira Fey – PhD student and research assistant, Department of International Relations/Political Science, The Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva
381. Laura Fiocco – Associate Professor, Department of Sociology and Political Studies, University of Calabria, Italy
382. Karolina Follis – Department of Politics, Philosophy and Religion, Lancaster University
383. Costas Gaganakis – Associate Professor, Dpt of History, University of Athens
384. Megan Gallagher – Lecturer, Department of Political Science, University of California, Los Angeles
385. Paola Gandolfi – Senior Lecturer, University of Bergamo, Italy
386. Glenda Garelli – PhD candidate, University of Illinois Chicago
387. Steve Garner – The Open University
388. Vivian Gerrand – Postdoctoral Fellow, European University Institute
389. Olga Gerstenberger – Researcher, Alice Salomon University of Applied Sciences Berlin
390. Francis Ghilès – Senior Research Fellow, CIDOB
391. Halleh Ghorashi – Professor of Sociology, VU University Amsterdam, the Netherlands
392. Ben Gidley – Associate Professor, COMPAS, University of Oxford
393. Klaus-Gerd Giesen – Professor of Political Science, Université d’Auvergne
394. Giovanna Gioli – Postdoctoral scientist, Institute of Geography, University of Hamburg
395. Giovanna Gioli – Postdoctoral researcher, Institute of Geography, University of Hamburg
396. Amanda Glasbeek – Criminology and Socio-Legal Studies, York University (Toronto, Canada)
397. Luin Goldring – Associate Professor of Sociology, York University, Toronto (Canada)
398. Anna Goppel – Assistant Professor, Institute of Philosophy, University of Bern
399. Katarzyna Grabska – Research Fellow, Anthropology and Sociology of Development, Global Migration Centre and Associated Researcher, Ahfad University for Women, Omdurman, Sudan
400. Helen Grace – Associate, Department of Gender & Cultural Studies, University of Sydney
401. Sarah Green – Professor of Social and Cultural Anthropology, Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki
402. Neil Gregor – Department of History, University of Southampton
403. Jan Grill – Department of Social Anthropology, University of Manchester
404. Zoe Groves – Lecturer in African History, Cambridge University
405. Aitana Guia – Assistant Professor (CLA), History, York University
406. Daniel Hadas – Lecturer in Medieval Latin, Department of History, King’s College London
407. Jeff Handmaker – Senior Lecturer, Institute of Social Studies of Erasmus University Rotterdam
408. Will Hanley – Assistant Professor, Department of History, Florida State University
409. Javier Hidalgo – Assistant Professor of Leadership Studies, University of Richmond
410. Helen Hintjens – International Institute of Social Studies, Erasmus University, The Hague
411. Talitha Hirsch – National and Transnational Studies, Bremen
412. Sophia Hoffmann – Post-Doctoral Research Fellow, Institute of International and Interncultural Studies, University of Bremen
413. Dienke Hondius – Assistant professor of history, VU University Amsterdam
414. Ruth Horn – Ethics and Society Wellcome Trust Fellow, The Ethox Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford
415. Annette Hübschle – Centre of Criminology/Institute for Humanities in Africa, University of Cape Town
416. Samia Hurst – Professor of Bioethics, Institute for Ethics, History, and the Humanities, Geneva University Medical School, Switzerland
417. Patricia Hynes – University of Bedfordshire
418. Dirk Jacobs – Professor in sociology, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Belgium
419. Rahel Jaeggi – Institut für Philosophie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin
420. Hans Ulrich Jessurun d’Oliveira – Professor emeritus migration law, University of Amsterdam
421. Natali Vania Jesus – M.A. in Cultural and Visual Anthropology & African Studies
422. Martin Bak Jørgensen – Associate Professor, Aalborg University
423. Nina María Jurisch – Technical University Berlin, Institute for Sociology (Gender, Media and Communication Studies)
424. Panagiotis Kanellopoulos – Associate Professor of Music Education, University of Thessaly, Greece
425. Tom Kemp – PhD Candidate, Kent Law School
426. Mahmoud Keshavarz – Malmö University, Sweden
427. Samantha King – Professor, School of Kinesiology & Health Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario
428. Julie Klein – Associate Professor of Philosophy, Villanova University, USA
429. Kira Kosnick – Professor of Sociology, Goethe University Frankfurt
430. Michele Lancione – Urban Studies PostDoctoral Fellow, Department of Geography, University of Cambridge
431. Lydia Langerwerf – University of Groningen
432. Nora Lanier – Doctoral candidate, Centre on Migration, Policy and Society, University of Oxford
433. Tamara Last – PhD, Migration Law, VU University Amsterdam
434. Raffaele Laudani – Associate professor of History of Political Thought and Atlantic Studies, Department of History, University of Bologna
435. Raffaele Laudani – Associate Professor of History of Political Thought and Atlantic Studies, Department of History, University of Bologna
436. Martin Lemberg-Pedersen – Postdoctoral Fellow, Centre for Advanced Migration Studies, University of Copenhagen
437. Alan Lester – Professor of Historical Geography, University of Sussex
438. Antonina Levatino – Political and Social Sciences Department, Universitat Pompeu Fabra
439. Mark Levene – Reader in History, University of Southampton
440. Hannah Lewis – Critical Human Geography Research Fellow, University of Leeds
441. Natasha Lightfoot – Assistant Professor of History, Columbia University
442. Sylvie Loriaux – Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Laval University
443. Marta Lotto – PhD candidate, University of Paris 8
444. Martin Lundsteen – Department of Social Anthropology, University of Barcelona
445. Audrey Macklin – Professor and Chair in Human Rights Law, Faculty of Law, University of Toronto
446. Ewa Macura-Nnamdi – Assistant Professor, Department of English, University of Bielsko-Biała, Poland
447. Roda Madziva – Leverhulme Research Fellow, School of Politics and International Relations, University of Nottingham
448. Stephanie Maher – PhD Candidate, Department of Anthropology, University of Washington
449. Nicola Mai – Professor of Sociology and Migration Studies, London Metropolitan University
450. Richard Mallett – Overseas Development Institute
451. Alejandra Mancilla – Post-Doctoral Research Fellow, CSMN, Faculty of Humanities, University of Oslo
452. Sabrina Marchetti – Jean Monnet Fellow, Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies, European University Institute
453. Franziska Martinsen – Leibniz University Hannover, Germany
454. Laurence Mazure – International independent journalist, Periodista internacional independiente
455. Jacinthe Mazzocchetti – LAAP-UCL
456. E Ann McDougall – Professor, Department of History and Classics, University of Alberta, Canada
457. Victor Merino – Associate Professor, Department of Public Law, Rovira i Virgili University (Spain)
458. Julian Molina – Doctoral Candidate in Sociology, University of Warwick
459. Pierre Monforte – Lecturer in Sociology, University of Leicester
460. Karl Monsma – Professor of Sociology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
461. Marcia Morgan – Associate Professor, Director, Women’s and Gender Studies, Department of Philosophy, Muhlenberg College
462. Parvati Nair – Queen Mary, University of London
463. Joseph Nevins – Associate Professor of Geography, Vassar College
464. Salvo Nicolosi – Postdoctoral Researcher in International Human Rights Law, Human Rights Centre – Ghent University
465. Judith Norman – Trinity University
466. John Oldfield – Wilberforce Professor of Slavery and Emancipation, Director of the Wilberforce Institute for the study of Slavery and Emancipation (WISE), University of Hull
467. Federico Oliveri – Research Fellow, Sciences for Peace Interdisciplinary Centre, Editorial coordinator of “Scienza e Pace” Online Journal, University of Pisa
468. Ricardo Ortega – Master’s student, Malmö University
469. David Owen – Politics and IR, University of Southampton
470. Ingar Palmlund – Department of Urban and Environmental Policy and Planning, Tufts University
471. Amin Parsa – Doctoral Candidate in Public International Law, Lund University, Sweden
472. Francesco Pasetti – Researcher at GRITIM-UPF, PhD Candidate at Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Department of Social and Political Science
473. Natalia Paszkiewicz – Anthropologist and Independent researcher
474. Rebecca Pates – Professor, Political Science, Leipzig University
475. Bandana Pattanaik – International Coordinator, Global Alliance Against Traffic in Women, Bangkok, Thailand
476. Yannis Pechtelidis – University of Thessaly, Greece
477. Daniel Tourinho Peres – Associate professor department of philosophy Universidade Federal da Bahia
478. Pina Piccolo – Independent scholar and cultural activist, organizing around migrant issues, Bologna, Italy
479. Veronique Pin-Fat – Senior Lecturer in International Politics, Centre for International Politics, School of Social Sciences, University of Manchester
480. Adrian Piper – Adrian Piper Research Archive, APRA Foundation Berlin
481. Maria Pisani – Department of Youth & Community Studies, Faculty for Social Wellbeing, University of Malta
482. Tamar Pitch – Professor of legal philosophy and sociology of law, University of Perugia, Italy
483. Sine Plambech – Post.Doc-Fellow, Danish Institute for International Studies
484. Nigel Pleasants – University of Exeter
485. Regina Polak – Associate Professor, Department of Practical Theology, Catholic Faculty of the University of Vienna
486. Kerry Preibisch – Associate Professor, University of Guelph
487. Baukje Prins – Professor Citizenship and Diversity, The Hague University for Applied Sciences, The Netherlands
488. Timothy Raeymaekers – Lecturer, Department of Geography, University of Zurich
489. Lynette Reid – Associate Professor, Department of Bioethics, Dalhousie University
490. Rachel Robbins – Senior Lecturer, Social Work Manchester Metropolitan University
491. Alejandro Rosas – Philosophy Department, Universidad Nacional de Colombia
492. Angus Ross – School of Philosophy, University of East Anglia, UK
493. Katarzyna Grabska Rubio – Lecturer in Economic History, University of Alicante, Spain
494. Sawitri Saharso – Prof. Department of Sociology, VU University
495. Julija Sardelic – Max Weber Fellow, European University Institute
496. Rosemary Sayigh – Visiting professor, CMES, American University of Beirut
497. Yael Schacher – American Studies, University of Connecticut
498. Stephan Scheel – Post-Doctoral Researcher, Department of Sociology, Goldsmiths, University of London
499. Eric Schliesser – BOF Research Professor, Philosophy and Moral Sciences, Ghent University
500. Bas Schotel – Assistant-professor Faculty of Law, University of Amsterdam
501. Niklas Selberg – PhD candidate, Faculty of Law, Lund University, Sweden
502. Kiril Sharapov – Senior Lecturer in Sociology, University of Bedfordshire
503. Giulia Sinatti – Lecturer, Free University Amsterdam, The Netherlands
504. May-Len Skilbrei – Professor Department of Criminology and Sociology of Law, University of Oslo
505. Stephanie Smallwood – Associate Professor of History, University of Washington
506. Nicola Smith – University of Birmingham
507. Priscilla Solano – PhD Candidate Sociology, Lund University
508. Astrid Sommer – Translator, Wuerzburg
509. Federica Sossi – Professor of Aesthetics, Dipartimento di Lettere e filosofia, University of Bergamo
510. Elisabetta Spano – Centre of African Studies, University of Edinburgh
511. Thomas Spijkerboer – Professor of Migration Law
512. Vicki Squire – Associate Professor of International Security, Department of Politics and International Studies, The University of Warwick
513. Renata Šribar – Faculty for the Postgraduate Studies of the Humanities, Univerza v Ljubljani
514. Titus Stahl – Assistant Professor of Philosophy, University of Groningen
515. Kelly Staples – Department of Politics and International Relations, University of Leicester
516. Mollie Steward – Retired Associate Professor of Mathematics, Cumberland County College, Vineland, NJ
517. Maurice Stierl – Associate Fellow, Warwick University
518. Inka Stock – University of Bielefeld, Germany
519. Kendra Strauss – Assistant Professor, The Labour Studies Program & The Morgan Centre for Labour Research, Associate Member, Department of Geography, Simon Fraser University
520. Cemal Burak Tansel – PhD Candidate, University of Nottingham
521. Savaş Taş – Research Officer, Alice Salomon University of Applied Sciences, Berlin
522. Barbara Taylor – Prof of Humanities, Queen Mary University of London
523. Mariam Thalos – Professor of Philosophy, University of Utah
524. Thomas Thurston – Director of Education, Gilder Lehrman Center for the Study of Slavery, Resistance, and Abolition, Yale University
525. Lisa Tilley – Erasmus Mundus GEM Joint Doctoral Fellow, Department of Politics and International Studies, University of Warwick
526. Julia Tischler – Humboldt University in Berlin
527. Omid Tofighian – ARC Research Assistant, Department of Philosophy – SOPHI, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, The University of Sydney
528. Gabriele Tomei – Assistant Professor, Department of Political Sciences, University of Pisa (IT)
529. Christoph Tometten – Berlin
530. Anna Triandafyllidou – Director of the Cultural Pluralism Research Area. Global Governance Programme. European University Institute and Editor-in-Chief, Journal of Immigrant and Refugee Studies
531. Natasha Tsangarides – Director, The Testimony Project
532. Georgina Tsolidis – Professor of Education, Faculty of Education and Arts, Federation University
533. Thomas Tyerman – PhD researcher, Politics, University of Manchester
534. Lorenzo Vianelli – PhD Candidate, Department of Politics and International Studies, University of Warwick
535. Darshan Vigneswaran – Co-Director, Institute for Migration and Ethnic Studies, University of Amsterdam
536. Sarah Walker – Researcher, COMPAS, University of Oxford
537. Paul Ward – Professor of Modern British History, University of Huddersfield
538. Alistair Welchman – Associate Professor of Philosophy, Department of Philosophy and Classics, University of Texas at San Antonio
539. Verina Wild – Senior Assistant in Biomedical Ethics, University of Zurich
540. Joanna Wiseman – PhD student at Newcastle University
541. Margoth Gonzalez Woge – PhD student at the University of the Basque Country
542. Zegnet Yimer – Graduate Student, University Of Texas
543. Darij Zadnikar – University of Ljubljana
544. Valentina Zagaria – PhD Candidate Anthropology Department, LSE
545. Cheradenine Zakalwe – Lecturer in Intercultural Studies, Glasgow Caledonian University
546. Tahir Zaman – SOAS, University of London
547. Jana Ziegler – Manager, Ben Lawers Hotel, UK
548. Giovanna Zunica – Teacher of Biology, Liceo artistico F. Arcangeli, Bologna, Italy